Perfil microbiológico bucal dos pacientes portadores de osteonecrose maxilar induzida por bisfosfonatos

Brenna Karoline Sousa Lima, Simeone Júlio dos Santos Castelo Branco, Valéria Costa Fontes, Aruanã Joaquim Matheus Costa Rodrigues Pinheiro, Viviane Hass, Lidio Gonçalves Lima Neto, Patricia Maria Wiziack Zago

Resumo


A osteonecrose maxilar induzida por bisfosfonatos (OMIB) é uma lesão necrótica dos ossos maxilares associada à utilização de medicações antirreabsortivas como os bisfosfonatos. A patogênese da OMIB ainda não está bem estabelecida, o que dificulta a sua prevenção, prognóstico e tratamento clínico. Diversos são os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da lesão, dentre eles, a presença de processos infecciosos no ambiente bucal. A fim de se verificar uma possível correlação entre a presença de microrganismos específicos e a patogênese e/ou progressão da OMIB, realizou-se esta revisão bibliográfica. Para isso, artigos científicos datados de 2003 a 2015 e que relacionassem os descritores “osteonecrosis”, “jaw” e “micorganisms” foram pesquisados através da base de dados do Medline-Pubmed. Selecionaram-se publicações que relataram OMIB em humanos e que avaliaram o perfil microbiológico bucal desses pacientes. A maioria dos trabalhos analisados indicou que o gênero Actinomyces spp foi o mais prevalente em lesões de OMIB; no entanto, estudos que utilizaram técnicas de identificação biomolecular ressaltaram a presença de bactérias pertencentes ao Filo Firmicutes (Pseudoramibacter spp, Streptococcus spp, Parvimonas spp, Mogibacterium spp, Gemella spp, Eubacterium spp) e ao Filo Actinobacteria (Atopobium spp). Verifica-se que processos infecciosos participam ativamente da OMIB; portanto, a definição das espécies de microrganismos associados à patologia é essencial, tanto para o estabelecimento de uma adequada abordagem antimicrobiana quanto para a elucidação de sua patogenia. Nesse sentido, mais estudos são necessários para a determinação qualitativa e quantitativa do perfil microbiológico oral de pacientes com OMIB.

Palavras-chave: Bisfosfonatos. Osteonecrose. Bacteria. Microbiota.


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Referências


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24863/rib.v9i2.131

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